Parametric Statistics Assignment Help

Background

In today’s society there is a general perception that exercise promotes overall health and wellbeing. Concentrations of total blood cholesterol less than 5.2 mol/L are considered ideal in order to maintain good health, whereas concentrations higher than 6.2 mol/L are considered high and may put you at risk for health problems. Running may have the potential to reduce total blood cholesterol concentrations. However, factors in addition to running may also have a role in total blood cholesterol concentrations such as gender, age, diet, genetics, etc. You are funded by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess the effects of location (Canada, South Africa and United State of America) and lifestyle (runner, non-runner) on total blood cholesterol concentration in humans. To do this, for each country you analyzed 60 randomly selected humans that identified themselves as runners (= run more than 10 kilometers per week) and 60 randomly selected humans that identified themselves as non-runners (relatively inactive) in December 2016 from a city in each of the locations (South Africa, Canada, USA) that held a marathon attracting both runners and spectators (non-runners) living there. Blood samples were collected from each participant and analyzed using standard methods for total blood cholesterol concentration The data obtained by your study are in the file assignment3_2017.xls (Excel), which is on the course learn site. Load this file into SPSS or your preferred statistical software. These data differ from what you used for assignment 2

Task 1 Descriptive statistics

• Present a table with summary statistics reporting the sample size, mean and standard deviation of total blood cholesterol concentration for each combination of the various levels of the two factors investigated in your study (type of human, location).
• Present a single graph with box plots showing the distribution of total blood cholesterol concentration for each combination of the various levels of the two factors investigated in your study (type of human, location) [Hint: create a clustered box plot].  
• Based on the numerical summary and box plots generated in Tasks 1 A and B, describe the distribution of total blood cholesterol concentration in the samples representing the various levels of the two factors investigated in your study (type of human, location). What tendencies do the comparisons show between runners and non-runners in the various locations?

• Task 2 Parametric test comparing non-runners among locations

  For this task, you’ll use data collected from the non-runners only in the three locations to test the claim (at alpha = 0.01) that total blood cholesterol concentration differs in participants identified as non-runners among the three locations (Canada, South Africa, U.S.). It is well known that total blood cholesterol concentration is normally distributed in all three populations, so you do not need to evaluate this.
  • Identify the parametric test you will use for this test.
  • Clearly state the null and alternative hypotheses for the test of the claim.
  • Run the statistical test of the hypotheses in Task 2B and state the conclusions as you would in a scientific article (including the key statistical test results in sentence form, not as SPSS output tables).
  • If you find a significant result, present results of a Bonferroni post-hoc test to identify which means differ from the others.
  • An assumption of the test is that total blood cholesterol concentration has the same variance in all the populations. Evaluate this with a statistical test. Include the following in your answer.
    • The name of the test [4 marks]
    • The null and alternative hypotheses of this test [6 marks]
    • State the conclusions as you would in a scientific article (including the key statistical test results in sentence form, not as SPSS output tables). Also include a statement of the implication of the outcome for the test result in Task 2A-D [8 marks]

  Task 3 Parametric test comparing runners among locations

  For this task, you’ll use data collected from the runners only in the three locations to test the claim (at alpha = 0.01) that total blood cholesterol concentration differs in participants identified as runners among the three locations (Canada, South Africa, U.S.). It is well known that total blood cholesterol concentration is normally distributed in all three populations, so you do not need to evaluate this.
  • Identify the parametric test you will use for this test.
  • Clearly state the null and alternative hypotheses for the test of the claim.
  • Run the statistical test of the hypotheses in Task 3B and state the conclusions as you would in a scientific article (including the key statistical test results in sentence form, not as SPSS output tables).
  • If you find a significant result, present results of a Bonferroni post-hoc test to identify which means differ from the others.
  • An assumption of the test is that total blood cholesterol concentration has the same variance in all the populations. Evaluate this with a statistical test. Include the following in your answer
    • The name of the test
    • The null and alternative hypotheses of this test
    • State the conclusions as you would in a scientific article (including the key statistical test results in sentence form, not as SPSS output tables). Also include a statement of the implication of the outcome for the test result in Task 3A-D

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  Task 4 (Parametric test of the entire data set): [70 marks]

  For this task, you’ll use all the entire data set to determine (at alpha = 0.01) the effects of lifestyle (runner, non-runner) and location (Canada, South Africa, USA) on total blood cholesterol concentration. It is well known that total blood cholesterol concentration is normally distributed in all the populations, so you do not need to evaluate this.
  • Identify the parametric test you will use for this test.  
  • Clearly state the null and alternative hypotheses for all tests involved.  
  • Run the statistical test of the hypotheses in Task 4B and state the conclusions as you would in a scientific article (including the key statistical test results in sentence form, not as SPSS output tables). Identify the implications of your findings for the first of the tests on the need for the subsequent tests. For the test of the interaction, relate features in the Graph in Task 4D with the test results reported here  
  • Present a single graph that displays the cell means for an analysis of the interaction among the two factors (i.e., a graph with sample means and connecting lines).
  • Report results of an appropriate post-hoc test (use the Bonferroni test statistic) for all cases where the null hypothesis is rejected for the individual factors (but not if the null hypothesis is rejected for the interaction)
  • An assumption of the test is that total blood cholesterol concentration has the same variance in all the populations. Evaluate this with a statistical test. Include the following in your answer
    • The name of the test
    • The null and alternative hypotheses of this test
    • State the conclusions as you would in a scientific article (including the key statistical test results in sentence form, not as SPSS output tables). Also include a statement of the implication of the outcome for the test result in Task 4A-D
  • Based on the statistical test of mean values in Tasks 2-4, state the implications of the findings [I’m looking for you to tell the reader the big-picture new knowledge that was generated and why it is of value to society].
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